Information can be thought of as the resolution of uncertainty; it is that which answers the question of “what an entity is” and thus defines both its essence and nature of its characteristics.
That which is perceived can be construed as a message in its own right, and in that sense, information is always conveyed as the content of a message.
For example, the information encoded in one “fair” coin flip is log2 = 1 bit, and in two fair coin flips is log2 = 2 bits.
The concept of information has different meanings in different contexts. Thus the concept becomes related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, education, knowledge, meaning, understanding, mental stimuli, pattern, perception, representation, and entropy.
